A professional glossary covering field operations, delivery, logistics, TMS, AI and route optimization.
אימות כתובת
Address validation is the process of checking whether a delivery or service address is complete, correctly formatted and suitable for geographic identification before it is added to a route. Accurate validation reduces navigation errors, incorrect assignments, operational delays and unsuccessful arrival attempts.
הקצאת משימות באמצעות בינה מלאכותית
AI dispatch is the use of artificial intelligence to assign deliveries, service calls or field tasks to the most suitable drivers, employees or vehicles. The assignment can consider location, availability, workload, vehicle capacity, traffic, priorities and time constraints, and can be updated when operational conditions change.
Read more: AI TMS article
אינטגרציית API · API
API integration is a software connection that allows separate systems to exchange information automatically and securely. In logistics and field operations, it can transfer orders, customer details, inventory data, routes, task statuses and delivery confirmations without repeated manual data entry.
Read more: Technology
ניסיון מסירה
An attempted delivery is recorded when a driver reaches, or makes a documented effort to reach, the designated address but cannot complete the delivery. Common reasons include an unavailable recipient, an incorrect or inaccessible address, refusal to accept the shipment or another operational exception.
Read more: POD guide
חיוב אוטומטי
Automated billing is the automatic creation of charges, invoices or internal cost records following a verified operational event. For example, completion of a delivery, approval of proof of delivery or closure of a field task can trigger a billing process without manual reconciliation.
עלות ממוצעת למסירה
Average cost per delivery is a performance metric calculated by dividing the total cost of delivery operations during a defined period by the number of completed deliveries. The calculation may include driver labor, fuel, vehicles, external carriers, technology and relevant operating expenses.
תכנון מסלולים באצווה
Batch routing is the planning and optimization of a complete group of deliveries or field tasks at the same time, rather than assigning each task separately. Evaluating the entire workload together makes it possible to improve stop sequencing, balance workloads and use vehicles and employees more efficiently.
Read more: Distribution lines AI planning article
פיצול מטען
Break bulk is the process of separating a large or consolidated shipment into smaller orders, loads or delivery units intended for different recipients or destinations. The process is usually carried out at a warehouse, distribution center or logistics hub before the goods are assigned to final delivery routes.
ניצול קיבולת
Capacity utilization measures how effectively the available capacity of a vehicle, fleet or operational resource is being used. It may be calculated according to weight, volume, number of items, working hours or another operational limitation relevant to the organization.
מוביל
A carrier is a company, contractor or transportation provider responsible for moving goods between locations. A carrier may operate its own vehicles and drivers or perform transportation services on behalf of another organization as an external logistics provider.
זמן מהזמנה ועד למסירה
Click-to-door time is the total elapsed time between a customer placing an order through a digital channel and the successful delivery of that order. It reflects the combined performance of order processing, fulfillment, dispatch planning, transportation and final delivery.
לוגיסטיקת שרשרת קירור
Cold chain logistics is the storage, handling and transportation of temperature-sensitive products under controlled conditions throughout the supply and delivery process. It is essential for goods such as food, pharmaceuticals and medical products whose safety or quality may be affected by temperature deviations.
נמען
The consignee is the person, business or organization designated to receive a shipment. The consignee's information is used to identify the correct delivery destination and, when necessary, verify that the goods were handed over to an authorized recipient.
שולח
The consignor is the person, business or organization that sends goods to a consignee. The consignor generally initiates the shipment and provides the order, cargo, destination and handling information required for its execution.
מסירה מאוחדת
Consolidated delivery is the coordinated combination of several orders or shipments into a single delivery run. It is commonly used when the orders share a geographic area, customer, destination or compatible schedule, helping reduce duplicate travel and improve vehicle utilization.
Read more: Last Mile article
עלות למסירה · CPD
Cost per delivery, or CPD, is the operational cost of delivery activity divided by the number of deliveries completed. It is used to evaluate distribution efficiency, compare routes, territories or operating models, and identify opportunities to reduce delivery expenses.
העברה ישירה בין רציפים
Cross-docking is a logistics process in which incoming goods are sorted and transferred to outbound vehicles with little or no long-term warehouse storage. The process requires close coordination between receiving, sorting, route preparation, loading and vehicle departure schedules.
התראה ללקוח
A customer notification is an automated or manually initiated alert that updates a customer about a delivery, service visit or field task. It may include confirmation, dispatch status, an updated estimated arrival time, a delay alert, arrival information or confirmation that the task has been completed.
Read more: SMS Alerts
פורטל מעקב ללקוחות
A customer tracking portal is a digital self-service interface that allows customers to view updated information about a delivery or service visit. Depending on the system, it may display the current status, estimated arrival time, live location, progress updates and confirmation of completion.
Read more: B2B E-Commerce
מחסן ליקוט ייעודי
A dark store is a facility designed specifically for receiving, picking, packing and dispatching customer orders and is not normally open to walk-in shoppers. It is commonly used to support rapid, same-day, on-demand or local delivery operations.
נסיעה ריקה
Dead mileage is the distance traveled by a vehicle without carrying goods or completing a productive transportation task. It may occur before the first collection, after the final delivery or between locations where the vehicle has no assigned load.
Read more: Logistics optimization article
חריגת מסירה
A delivery exception is an event that prevents a delivery from progressing according to the original plan. Examples include an incorrect address, an unavailable recipient, damaged goods, access restrictions, a vehicle problem, traffic delays or a customer-requested change.
Read more: POD guide
מערכת לניהול מסירות · DMS
A delivery management system, or DMS, is a software platform that manages the delivery lifecycle from order intake and planning through dispatch, route execution, tracking and proof of delivery. It connects office teams, drivers, customers and organizational systems through one coordinated operational process.
Read more: Delivery Management System
חלון זמן למסירה
A delivery time window is a defined period during which a delivery is expected or required to be completed. It is used as a planning constraint when routes and stop sequences are created, helping the organization meet customer commitments and agreed service levels.
Read more: Delivery Time Window
שיגור משימות
Dispatch is the operational process of assigning a delivery, service call or field task to a specific driver, employee or vehicle and releasing the required instructions for execution. Advanced dispatch systems can also monitor progress and support reassignment when priorities or operational conditions change.
Read more: Dispatch
מרכז הפצה · DC
A distribution center, or DC, is a logistics facility where goods are received, temporarily stored, sorted, prepared and dispatched to stores, business customers or final recipients. It serves as a central operating point for coordinating inventory movement and outbound distribution.
נקודות מסירה
A drop is a planned stop on a route where goods are delivered, collected or transferred. A route may contain multiple drops, and the location, service duration, priority and time window of each drop influence the stop sequence, total route duration and operational efficiency.
אישור מסירה דיגיטלי · ePOD
Electronic proof of delivery, or ePOD, is a digital record confirming that a delivery or collection was completed. It may include the recipient’s signature, photographs, GPS location, timestamp, scanned documents and driver notes, and can be transferred automatically to operational, financial or customer-service systems.
Read more: POD platform
מערכת לתכנון משאבי ארגון · ERP
Enterprise resource planning, or ERP, is an integrated software system used to manage core business processes such as finance, purchasing, inventory, sales, orders and reporting. Integration between an ERP and a delivery or field operations platform enables orders and operational updates to move automatically between the systems.
זמן הגעה משוער · ETA
Estimated time of arrival, or ETA, is the predicted time at which a driver, vehicle or delivery is expected to reach a destination. A dynamic ETA is recalculated using the driver’s current location, route progress, traffic conditions, remaining stops and changes in the operational plan.
ניהול חריגים
Exception management is the structured process of identifying, prioritizing and resolving events that prevent an operation from proceeding according to plan. In delivery and field operations, it includes real-time alerts, documented exception reasons, escalation procedures and corrective actions such as reassignment, rescheduling or customer notification.
Read more: POD guide
מסירה שנכשלה
A failed delivery is a delivery that could not be completed during the scheduled attempt. Possible causes include an unavailable recipient, an incorrect address, restricted access, damaged goods, refusal to accept the shipment or failure to meet a required delivery condition.
Read more: POD guide
מסירת המייל האחרון
Final mile delivery is the last stage in the movement of goods, from a local warehouse, distribution center or depot to the final recipient. This stage includes route execution, customer communication, delivery confirmation and the handling of exceptions at the destination.
Read more: Last Mile article
שיעור הצלחה בניסיון המסירה הראשון · FADR
First attempt delivery rate, or FADR, is the percentage of deliveries completed successfully during the first scheduled delivery attempt. It is calculated by dividing the number of successful first attempts by the total number of deliveries attempted during the measured period.
Read more: POD guide
המייל הראשון
The first mile is the initial stage in the movement of goods from the supplier, manufacturer or point of origin to a warehouse, distribution center or logistics hub. It typically focuses on collection, consolidation and bulk transportation before the goods enter the distribution network.
Read more: Last Mile article
מעקב אחר צי הרכב בזמן אמת
Fleet live tracking is the real-time monitoring of vehicle locations, driver progress and route status on a digital map. It enables dispatchers and operations managers to identify delays, deviations and inactive vehicles and to respond while the workday is still in progress.
Read more: Fleet & Driver Management
ניהול צי רכב
Fleet management is the operational management of an organization’s owned, leased or contracted vehicles. It includes vehicle availability, maintenance, fuel consumption, licensing, safety, telematics, driver performance and the efficient use of fleet resources.
Read more: Fleet & Driver Management
מטען משאית מלא · FTL
Full truckload, or FTL, is a transportation arrangement in which an entire truck is allocated to the goods of a single shipper or shipment. It is commonly used for large loads that require most or all of the vehicle’s available capacity and are transported directly between major locations.
קידוד גאוגרפי
Geocoding is the process of converting a written address or place description into geographic coordinates, usually latitude and longitude. These coordinates allow routing, mapping and field management systems to position the destination accurately and calculate suitable travel routes.
גידור גאוגרפי
Geofencing is the creation of a virtual boundary around a defined geographic area. When a vehicle or mobile device enters or leaves that area, the system can automatically record an event, update a task status, send an alert or trigger another operational action.
מעקב GPS
GPS tracking is the use of satellite-based location data to monitor the position and movement of vehicles, drivers or mobile assets. The information supports live fleet visibility, route progress monitoring, arrival-time calculation, movement history and operational performance analysis.
זמן סרק
Idle time is a period during which a vehicle, driver or operational resource is available or active but is not performing productive work. In fleet operations, it often refers to a stationary vehicle with the engine running, waiting between tasks or remaining inactive because of delays.
לוגיסטיקה נכנסת
Inbound logistics covers the movement, receipt and handling of goods entering an organization from suppliers, manufacturers or external locations. It includes transportation, delivery scheduling, unloading, receiving, inspection and the transfer of goods into inventory or production.
אינטגרציה
Integration is a technical connection that enables separate software systems to exchange data and coordinate processes automatically. In logistics and field operations, integration can connect orders, inventory, customers, routes, task statuses, delivery confirmations and financial records across organizational systems.
האינטרנט של הדברים · IoT
The Internet of Things, or IoT, is a network of physical devices equipped with sensors and communication capabilities that collect and exchange data automatically. In logistics, IoT technologies include vehicle telematics, temperature sensors, smart lockers, connected equipment and shipment-monitoring devices.
אספקה בדיוק בזמן · JIT
Just-in-time delivery, or JIT, is a logistics method in which materials or goods are scheduled to arrive close to the exact time they are required for production, sale or operational use. The approach reduces inventory and storage requirements but depends on accurate planning, reliable transportation and consistent on-time delivery performance.
מדד ביצוע מרכזי · KPI
A key performance indicator, or KPI, is a measurable value used to assess how effectively an organization, team or process is achieving a defined operational objective. In delivery operations, common KPIs include on-time delivery, first-attempt success, cost per delivery, route adherence and vehicle utilization.
מסירת המייל האחרון
Last-mile delivery is the final stage of the supply chain, in which goods are transported from a local warehouse, distribution center or depot to the final recipient. It includes dispatch, route execution, customer updates, delivery tracking, exception handling and confirmation that the goods were delivered successfully.
Read more: Last Mile article
מערכת TMS לניהול המייל האחרון
A last-mile TMS is a transportation management system designed specifically for planning, executing and monitoring deliveries to final recipients. It typically includes route optimization, driver dispatch, live tracking, proof of delivery, exception management and integration with ERP and other organizational systems.
Read more: TMS
זמן אספקה כולל
Lead time is the total elapsed time between the initiation of an order or operational request and its completion. In delivery operations, it may include order processing, inventory preparation, picking, packing, dispatch planning, transportation and final delivery to the customer.
מטען חלקי במשאית · LTL
Less-than-truckload, or LTL, is a transportation method in which a shipment uses only part of a truck's available capacity and shares the vehicle with shipments from other customers. It is commonly used for loads that are too large for parcel delivery but do not justify the cost of a dedicated full truck.
תכנון העמסה
Load planning is the process of determining how goods should be arranged and distributed inside a delivery vehicle. Effective planning considers vehicle capacity, weight distribution, cargo protection, delivery sequence and accessibility, ensuring that items can be unloaded efficiently at each stop.
מרכז מיקרו־ליקוט
A micro-fulfillment center is a compact warehouse located close to the customers it serves and designed for fast order preparation. It often uses automated storage, picking and inventory technologies to support same-day and local delivery operations.
המייל האמצעי
The mid-mile is the supply chain stage in which goods move between a central warehouse, production site or regional hub and the local depot that supports final delivery. It usually involves larger shipment volumes and fewer stops than last-mile distribution.
Read more: Last Mile article
מסלול מרובה נקודות מסירה
A multi-drop route is a route in which one driver or vehicle visits several delivery, collection or service locations during the same journey. Effective planning determines the most efficient stop sequence while considering time windows, capacity and operational priorities.
אופטימיזציית רשת לוגיסטית
Network optimization is the strategic analysis and design of a logistics network to achieve the required service level at the lowest practical operating cost. It examines factors such as depot locations, fleet structure, delivery territories, demand patterns and transportation flows.
Read more: Supply Chain Optimization article
משלוח לפי דרישה
On-demand delivery is a service model in which an order is prepared, assigned and delivered shortly after it is placed. It requires nearby inventory, real-time order visibility and dynamic dispatch capabilities that can assign drivers as new requests arrive.
שיעור מסירות בזמן · OTD
On-time delivery rate, or OTD, is the percentage of deliveries completed within the time commitment agreed with the customer. It is calculated by dividing the number of on-time deliveries by the total number of completed deliveries during the measured period.
Read more: POD guide
מימוש הזמנות
Order fulfillment is the complete operational process from receiving a customer order to delivering the requested goods. It includes order validation, inventory allocation, picking, packing, dispatch and final delivery confirmation.
לוגיסטיקה יוצאת
Outbound logistics covers the movement of finished goods from an organization's warehouse or distribution center to customers, stores or other destinations. It includes order preparation, loading, dispatch, transportation, delivery execution and confirmation.
חבילה
A parcel is a packaged item or group of items handled as one shipment and addressed to a specific recipient. Parcel-level identification allows each package to be scanned, tracked and confirmed independently throughout the delivery process.
עונת שיא
Peak season is a period in which order and delivery volumes rise significantly above normal operating levels. Managing it effectively requires scalable planning, sufficient driver and vehicle capacity, rapid order processing and systems capable of handling increased workloads.
איסוף ומסירה · P&D
Pickup and delivery, or P&D, is an operation that combines the collection of goods with the delivery of goods within the same service network or route. Planning must account for changing vehicle capacity and for dependencies between pickup and delivery locations.
אישור מסירה · POD
Proof of delivery, or POD, is documented evidence that goods were delivered to the intended recipient or destination. It may include a signature, photograph, timestamp, GPS location, scanned document or driver note.
Read more: POD platform
התראת דחיפה
A push notification is an automated message sent directly to a customer's mobile device, browser or application. In delivery operations, it can provide updates about dispatch, expected arrival, delays, driver arrival or successful completion.
מעקב בזמן אמת
Real-time tracking is the continuous monitoring of a vehicle, driver, shipment or field task using frequently updated location and status data. It enables operations teams to identify delays, deviations and exceptions while the activity is still in progress.
לוגיסטיקה הפוכה
Reverse logistics is the process of moving goods, packaging or equipment from the customer back toward the supplier, warehouse or service facility. It includes product returns, reusable packaging collection, repairs, recycling and end-of-life handling.
עמידה במסלול המתוכנן
Route adherence measures how closely a driver's actual journey follows the route, stop sequence and time plan assigned before dispatch. Significant deviations may indicate traffic disruptions, execution problems, unauthorized changes or weaknesses in the original plan.
אופטימיזציית מסלולים
Route optimization is the algorithmic process of calculating efficient routes and stop sequences for vehicles or field employees. It considers multiple constraints simultaneously, including locations, traffic, time windows, vehicle capacity, working hours and operational priorities.
Read more: Route Optimization
תכנון מסלולים
Route planning is the process of deciding which stops each driver or vehicle will serve, in what order and according to which schedule. It converts daily orders and field tasks into practical work plans before dispatch.
Read more: Route Planning
מסירה באותו היום
Same-day delivery is a service in which an order is delivered on the same calendar day on which it was placed. It requires rapid order processing, available local inventory, short preparation times and efficient dispatch and routing.
הסכם רמת שירות · SLA
A service level agreement, or SLA, is a formal commitment defining the service standards that a provider must meet. In delivery operations, it may specify delivery times, response times, completion rates, tracking availability and exception-handling requirements.
סדר עצירות
Stop sequence is the planned order in which a driver or vehicle visits the locations assigned to a route. The sequence influences travel time, distance, delivery punctuality, vehicle loading and overall route efficiency.
שרשרת אספקה
A supply chain is the complete network of organizations, people, systems and activities involved in producing and moving goods from raw materials to the final customer. It includes sourcing, manufacturing, inventory, warehousing, transportation, distribution and delivery.
Read more: Supply Chain Optimization article
לוגיסטיקה באמצעות צד שלישי · 3PL
Third-party logistics, or 3PL, is an arrangement in which an external provider performs logistics activities on behalf of another organization. Services may include warehousing, transportation, order fulfillment, distribution, delivery and returns management.
חלון זמן
A time window is a defined period during which a delivery, collection or service task should be completed. It acts as a planning constraint when routes, schedules and stop sequences are created.
מערכת לניהול תחבורה · TMS
A transportation management system, or TMS, is a software platform used to plan, execute, monitor and optimize the movement of goods. Depending on its scope, it may manage carriers, freight costs, routes, dispatch, tracking, delivery confirmation and integration with organizational systems.
Read more: TMS
זמן הובלה
Transit time is the elapsed time between a shipment leaving its origin and arriving at its destination. It may be affected by route length, traffic, intermediate handling, border procedures, vehicle performance and operational delays.
לוגיסטיקה עירונית
Urban logistics is the planning and execution of goods movement within cities and densely populated areas. It must account for congestion, parking limitations, restricted access, delivery time regulations, environmental requirements and high stop density.
Read more: Last Mile article
בעיית ניתוב כלי רכב · VRP
The vehicle routing problem, or VRP, is a mathematical optimization problem that determines efficient routes for a fleet serving multiple locations. Real-world versions may include constraints such as vehicle capacity, time windows, driver working hours, pickup and delivery dependencies and different vehicle types.
שיעור ניצול כלי רכב
Vehicle utilization rate measures how effectively a vehicle's available capacity or operating time is being used. It may be calculated according to load volume, weight, working hours, distance traveled with cargo or the proportion of productive activity.
מערכת לניהול מחסן · WMS
A warehouse management system, or WMS, is software used to control and coordinate activities inside a warehouse. It manages processes such as receiving, storage, inventory location, replenishment, picking, packing and preparation of outbound shipments.
נקודת ביניים במסלול
A waypoint is a defined location that a vehicle, driver or route is expected to pass through or visit. In delivery routes, each customer address, collection point or operational stop can function as a waypoint.
איפה ההזמנה שלי? · WISMO
WISMO, meaning “Where Is My Order?”, describes customer inquiries requesting information about the status or expected arrival of an order. Real-time tracking portals and proactive delivery notifications can reduce these inquiries by giving customers direct access to current information.
Read more: B2B E-Commerce
מסירה ללא פליטות
Zero-emission delivery is the transportation of goods using vehicles that produce no direct exhaust emissions during operation. Examples include battery-electric vehicles, hydrogen-powered vehicles and electric cargo bicycles.
דילוג על אזורי הפצה
Zone skipping is a shipping method in which consolidated shipments are transported directly to a regional facility closer to their final destinations, bypassing intermediate carrier hubs. The shipments are separated into individual parcels only after reaching the destination region.
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